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Adebola Badiru

Doctor Knows Best? Not Anymore! Why the Montgomery Standard Matters

"Doctor knows best."\

AB
Adebola Badiru
6/12/2025  ·  3 min read

"Doctor knows best."\

It is a phrase we have all heard repeatedly. For some, it has stuck. For

others, it has been challenged. But what does it really mean? And why is

it wrong?

There was a time when, legally, if a doctor did something that other

responsible doctors would have done, that was enough. That was the Bolam

test. If your clinical decision was backed by a reasonable body of

medical opinion, you were protected even if someone else might have done

it differently.

The Bolam test came from a case in 1957. Bolam v Friern Hospital

Management Committee. A patient suffered fractures during

electroconvulsive therapy. The court ruled there was no negligence

because what the doctor did aligned with accepted medical practice at

the time.

In simple terms: if your peers agreed with your action, you were good.

That was the legal standard. And to be honest, that still shows up in

court today when expert witnesses are brought in to justify your

actions. But something changed about 10 years ago, and it changed

everything.

In 2015, the case of Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board changed the

game and shifted power from the hands of the Doctor to the hands of the

Patient, when a diabetic woman of small stature was not informed of the

risk of shoulder dystocia during vaginal birth. The baby ended up with

serious complications.

The doctor thought telling her might lead to her asking for a C-section,

which he felt was not necessary at the time, and so he did not tell her.

Therefore, she sued. And won!

The court ruled that patients are no longer passive recipients of care.

They have a right to make informed decisions about their treatment. This

was the Montgomery Standard. And it became law.

So, What's the Real Difference?

· The Bolam Test made the doctor the centre of the decision.

· The Montgomery Standard makes the patient the centre.

Instead of asking, "What would other doctors have done?"\

The question now is, "What would a reasonable patient want to know?" or

"Was the patient informed of the risk?"

Instead of hiding behind consensus or experience, the clinician must now

explain:

This is This is the essence of shared decision-making, and it is the

opposite of medical dictatorship.

Something you might be thinking if you are a physio is, "why does this

matter in everyday practice and how does this concern me"? Or You might

be thinking, "But I already do this." And the truth is, maybe you do.

But ask yourself:

ones?

imaging, do you explain the reasoning?

to just go along with your plan?

This is not about being defensive. It is about being collaborative.

Back in university, students would argue: "Who's the most powerful

person in the hospital?"\

Some said doctors. Others said nurses.

But in reality?\

It is the patient.

Their voice matters. Their consent matters. Their understanding matters.

And every decision must go through them first. If you feel a patient

would get better with exercises but the patient has opted for surgery,

who are you to come in the way of that. You goal is to ensure that they

are aware of the risk and benefits and that they are equipped to make

the right decision.

So my dear physio in clinic.

In the end, this is what good clinical care looks like:\

Doing things with the patient, not to them.

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Adebola Badiru

AB
Adebola Badiru MCSP, PCQI
Board Director · First Contact Practitioner (FCP) · Founder of PhysioConnect. Writing about clinical leadership, NHS careers, advanced practice, and healthcare transformation.
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